Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Unlike typical morning sickness, HG can cause extreme dehydration, weight loss, and other complications that may require medical intervention.

Causes of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

The exact cause of HG is not fully understood, but contributing factors include:

• Hormonal Changes – High levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen are believed to contribute to severe nausea.
• Genetic Factors – A family history of HG may increase the risk.
• Gastrointestinal Issues – Sensitivity in the digestive system may play a role.
• Multiple Pregnancies – Women carrying twins or multiples are at higher risk.
• Pre-existing Conditions – Conditions such as migraines or motion sickness can increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

HG symptoms are more severe than typical morning sickness and include:

• Severe nausea and vomiting, leading to dehydration
• Significant weight loss
• Inability to keep food or fluids down
• Dizziness or fainting due to dehydration
• Extreme fatigue and weakness

Diagnosis and Treatment

HG is diagnosed based on symptom severity and physical examination. Treatment options include:

• Hydration Therapy – IV fluids are administered to combat dehydration.
• Dietary Adjustments – Small, frequent meals and bland foods may help manage symptoms.
• Medications – Anti-nausea drugs may be prescribed in severe cases.
• Hospitalization – In extreme cases, hospitalization may be required for nutritional support.

Complications of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

If left untreated, HG can lead to complications, including:

• Severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
• Malnutrition affecting both mother and baby
• Weight loss exceeding 5% of pre-pregnancy weight
• Depression and anxiety due to prolonged illness

Conclusion

Hyperemesis Gravidarum is a serious pregnancy complication that requires medical attention. Early intervention, hydration, and proper management can help alleviate symptoms and ensure the well-being of both mother and baby.